Canine Group: Pinscher and Schnauzer type / Molossoids and Swiss mountain and cattle dogs.
Section: Molossoids - Mountains dogs type.

TYPE OF CONSTITUTION: coarse, with a massive bone structure and a powerful musculature. The thick skin with a well developed and sufficiently elastic sub-cutaneous tissue often forms folds in the region of the neck. It is common to encounter dogs of this breed with the tendency to a certain flaccidity, lacking in energy.
FAULTS: obesity.
SEVERE FAULTS: light constitution, rachitism, muscular weakness.

FORMAT INDEX: males 100 - 105; females 102-108.
FAULTS: light deviation in relationship with the indicated format index.
SEVERE FAULTS: strong deviations in relationship with the indicated format index.

HEIGHT AT THE WITHERS: males not less than 65 cm; females not less than 60 cm.
FAULTS: height at the withers between 64 and 60 cm for males; between 60 cm and 58 cm for females.
SEVERE FAULTS: height at the withers below 60 cm for males; below 58 cm for females.

BEHAVIOUR: characterized by a great nervous activity; balanced and calm. Defence in the active form is the predominant reaction.
FAULTS: lack of liveliness, timid temperament.
SEVERE FAULTS: excessive excitability, cowardice.

SEXUAL CHARACTERIZATION: well accentuated. Males are more powerful, stronger and more massive than females. The sexual dimorphism is clearly evident.
SEVERE FAULTS: males of feminine type. Unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism.

COAT: thick, straight with a more developed undercoat. On the head and on the foreface of the legs the hair is short, flat against the skin.
The dogs are distinguished into two groups according to the length of their coat:
a) long-haired: 7-8 cm; b) short-haired: 3-7 cm.
SEVERE FAULTS: very short coat and absence of undercoat, flabby, wavy or curly hair.

COLOUR: white, black, grey, straw-coloured, reddish, grey-brown, striped, spotted, bicoloured.

HEAD: massive, wide in the skull region with strongly developed cheekbones. Flat forehead, hardly marked stop. The muzzle is a little shorter than the length of the skull, wide between the eyes, hardly narrowing towards the nose. Viewed from the front and from above, the muzzle appears rectangular, its profile has a truncated shape with the thick upper lip lightly hanging at the commissures. The nose is black. In light coloured dogs, a brown nose is allowed.
FAULTS: light head, too prominent cheekbones, bulging forehead, too pronounced stop, too evident superciliary arches, too short or too long muzzle, cutaneous folds on the head.
SEVERE FAULTS: narrow, light head. Pointed or upturned muzzle.

EARS: small, hanging, low set and triangularly shaped; cropped.
FAULTS: high set ears, not cropped.

EYES: dark, well open, round, horizontally set.
FAULTS: light eyes and obliquely set, too open eyelids.

TEETH: white, strong and aligned. The incisors are set in a straight line. Scissor bite.
FAULTS: worn teeth disproportionately to the age. Presence of broken teeth. Absence of more than two premolars, absence of a first premolar and a second premolar. Light yellowing of the teeth.
SEVERE FAULTS: small, sparse teeth. Incisors irregularly placed; all the deviations in relationship with the normal scissor bite. Absence of one canine or one incisor or of one third premolar or one fourth premolar or of one molar. Badly damaged teeth.

NECK: short, muscular, carried low, forming an angle of 30-40 degrees with the line of the back.
FAULTS: lengthened neck with insufficient musculature. Too developed dewlap.

CHEST: wide, deep, lightly rounded. The lower line of the chest is either at the elbow level or lower.
FAULTS: flattened or poorly developed chest.
SEVERE FAULTS: very flat, narrow chest; insufficiently developed chest.

BELLY: moderately tucked up.
FAULTS: too tucked up (similarly to the Greyhound) or drooping belly.

WITHERS: high, well defined, especially in the males. The height of the withers is of 1-2 cm superior to the height of the rump.
FAULTS: low withers, set under the line of the back.

BACK: strong; straight, wide.
FAULTS: flabby or narrow back.
SEVERE FAULTS: saddled or kyphotic back.

LOIN: short, wide, slightly rounded.
FAULTS: lengthened, straight or too rounded loin.
SEVERE FAULTS: long, narrow or sunken loin.

RUMP: wide, muscular, almost horizontal.
FAULTS: rump being lightly on the slant.
SEVERE FAULTS: narrow, short, very oblique or too high rump.

TAIL: high set, sickle shaped; when hanging it reaches the level of the hock. Short docked.

FOREQUARTERS: viewed from the front the forelegs are straight and parallel. The length of the front leg, measured at the elbows, should equal slightly more than one half of the dog's height measured at the withers. The width of the angle of scapular-humeral articulation is about 100 degrees. Forearms are straight, very massive and long; pasterns are short, strong, straight, wide.
FAULTS: light deviations of the width of the shoulder articulation angle. Feet lightly toeing inwards or outwards, weak pasterns.
SEVERE FAULTS: straight or too closed shoulder, structural imperfections of leg bones. Weak pasterns. Feet badly toeing inwards or outwards.

HINDQUARTERS: parallely set, slightly open at the articulation of the stifle level or at the articulation of the hock level. Short leg. Thick and strong metatarsals, straight set.
FAULTS: slight deviations in relationship with the parallelism of hindquarters. Hocks lightly close each other. A little straight hind angulation.
SEVERE FAULTS: definite deviation in relationship with the parallelism of hindquarters. Arched legs. Excessively straight hind angulation.

FEET: strong, oval and compact.
FAULTS: splayed, lengthened, flat feet.
SEVERE FAULTS: badly splayed, very flat feet.

MOVEMENT/GAITS: the heavy shortened trot and the gallop are the most characteristic gaits of dogs of this breed. At the trot the legs must move in a straight line, with a certain tendency of the forelegs towards a median line.
FAULTS: slight deviation in relationship with normal gaits.
SEVERE FAULTS: restricted movements.

DISQUALIFICATING FAULTS: lacking of a perfect scissor bite. Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism. Atrophied testicles. Absence of one canine or one incisor or of one third premolar or one fourth premolar or of one molar.